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Mentioned as another contemporary work from France about a heroic figure in Charlemagne's court, used to contrast with the different style of The Tale of Genji

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Mentioned as a source commissioned by Tostig's sister, which describes Tostig as being short, contrasting with the sagas' description of him as tall.

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Referenced as a historical source providing a 'first draft of history' about Tostig's movements and the events of 1066, contrasted with the more dramatic saga accounts.

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Referenced as a historical source when discussing the 'bloody cloud' portent during Æthelred's consecration, with the comment 'this is in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, so it must be true.'

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Referenced as the main primary source for early medieval English history, noted as being commissioned by Alfred himself

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Referenced as a historical source documenting that the Viking attack on Chippenham 'took place in midwinter after Twelfth Night'

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Referenced multiple times as a primary source biography of Edward the Confessor, written in the immediate aftermath of his death in early 1066, commissioned by Queen Edith. Used to quote descriptions of Harold, Tostig, and other figures.

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Referenced multiple times as a historical source. The hosts quote from it regarding Harold Harefoot seizing 'all King Canute's best valuables' and Harthacnut's death where 'he fell to the earth with an awful convulsion.'

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Referenced as a historical source that describes Edgar's coronation in 973, noting it 'actually describes it twice, once in prose and once in poetry' - indicating its significance as a historical document

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Referenced as a comparison when describing Richard the Fearless's tomb, which was 'not in a church, but a great earthen mound looking out to sea. So like something out of Beowulf.'

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Referenced as the Old English poem featuring one of the two significant dragons in northern literature, where an aged Beowulf fights and kills a dragon but dies from his wounds

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Mentioned in passing as an example of Anglo-Saxon literature where oaths are taken seriously: 'If you read one of the Norse sagas or something, or one of the Anglo-Saxon sort of poems, I don't know, Beowulf or something'

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Mentioned as Tolkien's great academic obsession, with the character Gollum compared to Grendel from this Old English epic

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Discussed as 'one of the great founding documents of English literature' that Tolkien brought into scholarly limelight

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Referenced in discussion of Norse/Scandinavian traditions of the undead, noting 'in a sense, Beowulf is kind of, you know, the monster'

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Referenced at the beginning of the episode as the source for the Odin quote about hanging on the windy tree. Tom describes it as 'compiled in the 13th century, but probably drawing on a longer tradition.'

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Discussed as a notorious book published in Amsterdam during the 18th century, describing Moses, Jesus, and Mohammed as the 'three imposters.' Referenced as an example of radical enlightenment literature that could only be published in Amsterdam due to its tolerance for controversial works.

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Dominic mentions this 1797 publication as a manual for writing Valentine poems - 'somebody publishes a book called The Young Man's Valentine Writer. So a manual about how to write nice Valentine poems'

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Explicitly described as 'a late first century text' that contains a description of Nero as 'Bilear,' a cosmic figure of evil.