Context:

The episode opens with a passage from this 1862 novel about ancient Carthage, describing child sacrifice to Moloch. Explicitly identified as a book by the author of Madame Bovary.

Context:

Mentioned for comparison when discussing Salambo, noting how different the two books are from each other.

Context:

Referenced when discussing the mysterious location of Ophir, noting 'Ryder Haggard situates it in Africa' in connection with a previous episode on King Solomon's mines.

Context:

Referenced as the work that enshrined the legend of the founding of Carthage, describing Aeneas meeting Dido.

Context:

Referenced for its mention of Phoenicians - specifically the funeral games for Patroclus where a silver mixing bowl made in Sidon is offered as a prize.

Context:

Referenced for the passage where Odysseus lies to Athena, claiming he paid passage to Phoenicians who brought him to Ithaca.

Context:

Explicitly mentioned as a book by 'a brilliant ancient historian called Josephine Quinn at Oxford' that argues there was no unified Phoenician identity.

Context:

Explicitly mentioned as 'an equally brilliant book' from 2021 that argues Phoenicians did exist as a recognizable group with specific traits.

Context:

Referenced multiple times as a historical source, described as 'the first work of history that we have' and containing information about Tyre and the Phoenicians.