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Explicitly mentioned as 'his wonderful book' when Tom quotes Hornblower's analysis that 'the cause of the changed attitude towards Carthage was that the Roman officer class needed fresh outlets and theatres for aggression.'

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Referenced multiple times throughout the episode as the primary source for Hannibal's crossing of the Alps. Described as 'by far the best and most reliable historian of Hannibal's campaigns' who 'himself went to the Alps' to trace Hannibal's route.

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Quoted directly regarding Hannibal's visit to Gades to make vows to Hercules, and referenced as a Roman historian who wrote about Hannibal's dream. Described as the 'exemplar' of Roman historians.

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The episode opens with a quote from Juvenal's satire on the vanity of human wishes, describing Hannibal crossing the Alps and his eventual downfall as an example of hubris followed by nemesis.

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Referenced as Dr. Johnson's 1748 work that updated Juvenal's Latin satire into English, substituting Charles XII for Hannibal as the example of a great general brought low.